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Time Interval
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North Western India/Other Comments
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Kashmir
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Chamba
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Kangra Proper
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Nurpur
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Guler
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Suket
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Mandi
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Kullu
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Lahul & Spiti
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Bilaspur
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Solan
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Sirmour
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Rampur
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| 2500BC-2000BC | Late Harrapan Phase | Post Harrapn Site discovered on the Foot of Himalya Ropar. | ||||||||||||
| 2000BC-1500BC | Tibeto Burma Population began in 2000 BC and terminated in 100 BC. They occupied the Himalaya before the Adevent of Aryan. Ganga , Anga, Vanga and Kalinga all are pre Aryan words introduced by these Mogolodis People.(Inner asia and India through Ages, Aryn Enter in India.) Battle of Ten King fought by Aryan. | Himachal Pradesh is inhabitated by various Pre Arayan Tribes . Most Important were Early hunter Gather, with Haplogroup H(https://www.nature.com/articles/jhg20082,) Kolarian People and Mongolian People. Kolarian People start dominating the hills from North East upto Afganistan. Kolarian people enter roguhly at same period when Aryan enter India from West. | ||||||||||||
| 1500 BC -1000 BC | Aryan Reached the Punjab | Non Vedic Arayn(Khaas) enter the Hills. They occupied the area between Kashmir and Nepal. | Aryan Arrived in hills. Vedic record mention that Aryan Destroyed the forts of indigenours People. However this information pertain more to present day Afagnsitan , where mud like Structure are still Present. than to present day Kashmir and Himachal. | |||||||||||
| 650-600 BC | ||||||||||||||
| 600-550 BC | - Aryan reached the Gangetic Plains. -Birth of Buddha. | |||||||||||||
| 550-500 BC | Trigarta first time finds mention in the works of Panini from the 5th century B.C. However there is no consensus that this Trigart was same as present day Kangra. Most Probably it referes to lower Ravi valley. - Republic of Adumbara must have came into existence this time as many start mentioning them. | |||||||||||||
| 500-450 BC | Panni Born he was first to mentioned the Trigarta. He was living in Ghandhara. Punjab Pakistab | |||||||||||||
| 450-400 BC | Mahabharata was first penned down around the 4th century B.C. The founder of Trigarta is mentioned as Susarma/Susharman in the Mahabharata. He was credited with building the Nagarkot/Kangra fort. | |||||||||||||
| 400-350 BC | ||||||||||||||
| 350-300 BC | Porus was rulling between Jhelum and Chenab and during this time Alexender Invaded the India. East of Beas Maurya Empire start rising. There influecnce must have extended upto the hills. | -Buddhism Introduced in Kashmir by Ahsoka the Great. | Buddhist also strat spreading in hills. | Chitravarma of Kuluta helped the Chandragupta | ||||||||||
| 300 -250BC | Probabaly during this periond Chetru stupa Near Dharamshala was build.( Buddhist Art and Anitquity in Himachal Pradesh by O.C Handa , See https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Buddhist_Art_Antiquities_of_Himachal_Pra/6Cqgb9pL3L4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA3&printsec=frontcover) | Existence of Kuluta confirm from Mahabharta prove, Mahabharata which was written around 300 BC.Kuluta is mentioned as Melucha in Mahabharata. However this Kuluta is linked with Kuluta of Ghandhara and not of Present day Kullu. The existence of Kuluta is also Testified from 11 coins which mentioned the name Virayasa( see-Numismatics History of HP by P L Gupta) | ||||||||||||
| 250BC -200BC | Third Buddhist Council under Ashoka organised. Buddism was spreading rapidly. | Adumbara start issuing coins | ||||||||||||
| Around 214 Great wall of China was build to Protect China from Huns who will later attack India and will Destroyed the cultural heritage. | From this period Coins of Greek Zoilus has been discovered from Nurpur. | |||||||||||||
| 200 BC-150 BC | -Demetrius started the invasion of northwestern India in 186 BCE, following the destruction of the Mauryan dynasty by the general Pushyamitra Shunga, who then founded the new Indian Shunga dynasty (180–78 BCE). -Apollodotus I -who ruled the western and southern parts of the Indo-Greek kingdom, from Taxila in Punjab to the areas of Sindh and possibly Gujarat.The coinage of Apollodotus is, together with that of Menander, one of the most abundant of the Indo-Greek kings. -Antimachus II-Ghazni, Gandhara and Swat valley.(170BC). -- Menander I Soter- he established an empire in the Indian Subcontinent stretching from the Kabul River valley in the west to the Ravi River in the east, and from the Swat River valley in the north to Arachosia (the Helmand Province). (155-130BC) - Greek introduced many new Cultural Elements to Indian Arts | Lower Ravi Valley:- Hoard, having a large number of silver Indo-Greek hemidrachms, kept in a pot, was found in 1970 near the village Lachori in Chamba distric. This hoard included the coins of Meriander, Antimachus II and Apollodotus. -The third hoard was a small one, having only seventeen hemidrachms; it came to light in 1974 from the village Sarol near Chamba and included the coins of Menander, Antimachus II and Antialkidas. | During this period Pathiyar Inscription was engraved near Nagrota Bagwan. It is not hard to infer that this area was subject' to influences both from the northwest where the Kharosthi script was in vogue and from the plains to the east where the Brahmi script was the accepted medium. (Page -253, Encyclopaedia Of Art And Culture In India Vol. 6). It is important to note here that hoard that was found in 1853 in Kangra district belongs to this period. It included some worn coins of the Maurya alog with Indo-Greek rulers— Meanandcr, Antimachus II, Antialkidas, Philoxenus and Lysias.Indo-Greek coins were mixed with the local (tribal) coins of the Kuoindas. One was reported from Jwalamukhi In Kangra district. In it were 28 hemidrachms of Apollodotus (Philopator) along with three silver coins of Kunindas and one of Audumbaras. The other hoard was discovered in 1892 (1 September) at Tappa Mewa in Hamirpur district and had 21 hemidrachms of Apollodotus and 4 silver coins of the Kunindas. | Kunnindas Empire also established east of Satluj | ||||||||||
| 150 Bc-100 Bc | -Apollodotus (115-95 BC) regin | There were only three known rulling dynasty. The Vrishni, The Mitra and The Veerayas( Ref:- Kullu :- Its early history Aracheology and architecture). Vrishni:- The Vrishni coin was found with Veearyas Coin and both were discovered among the Adumbara coins. Vrishni Coin Read as " Raja Jnagansya Bhubharasya". Vrishni coins were similar to Veerayas Coin. Mitra Kings:- we know about them from coins discovered from Taxila and Pathankot. Following names come to ligjt:- Aryamitra, Vijaymitra, Mahimitra , Bhnaumitra and Mahabhitimitra. All these dynasty start rulling from 100 BC to 100 AD or 200 AD. | ||||||||||||
| 100 Bc-50 Bc | -Apollodotus II-Apollodotus' reign possibly began in the Punjab, when the Scythian king Maues ruled in Gandhara and its capital Taxila. What probably happened is that Apollodotus II took over Taxila after the death of Maues.(80-65 BC). | During this period Zoilos II Soter(53 BC) was ruler of easten punjab. His coins has been found in Pathankot. - similarly coins of Adumbara ,100 BC:- Mahadevasarajna Dharaghosha Odumbarias was also found. He was probabaly a rana. Their coins are associated with Buddhism,(page 215, History of Punjab hill state, see https://ia902904.us.archive.org/30/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.63214/2015.63214.History-Of-The-Panjab-Hill-States-Voli_text.pdf) Reader need to notice here that there was also a adumbara in the region of Kutch. | ||||||||||||
| 50BC-0AD | Indo - Scythian:- Azes I- 48/47 BCE – 25 BCE with a dynastic empire based in the Punjab and Indus Valley, completed the domination of the Scythians in the northwestern Indian subcontinent. They were of Iranian Origin. | Indo Scythian king- Vonoes, Kanishaka, Huvishka and Godophares. | ||||||||||||
| 0-50 AD | Indo Parthian Rule setup in North West India, by Gondophares I .20 AD. -They were not support of Buddhism this was shown from thir non adoption of Budhist icnography in their coins.They suported the Zorastrian and Chrisatanity that too on very limited scale. Here is facial Structure of Indo-Sythian king | |||||||||||||
| 50-100 AD | During this time foruth Buddhist Council in Kashmir (78 AD) was organised ,however few believe it ws totally fictional assembly. -Nagarjun great Buddhist Philospher believed to be live in Kashmir during this period. | During this period Khaniyara inscription near Dharmshala was engraved ( Page -253, Encyclopaedia Of Art And Culture In India Vol. 6). Reader should note that during this period hills area were under strong influces of people mirgrated from North West. | -Another Virayasas Coin of this period discovered. During this Period Kingdom moved from Taxila to Kuluta. (RC Majumdar, Page No-228,Indigenous tribe of Northern India). This coins also confirm that the state religion of Kuluta at this time was Buddhism. (See -Page 26 ,Buddhist art and antiquity of HP by O.C Handa) | |||||||||||
| 100-150 | ||||||||||||||
| 150-200 | ||||||||||||||
| 200-250 | ||||||||||||||
| 250-300 | Chetru Stupa near Dharamshla built (200AD-300AD) during this Period -( Source-Indian Areceology-1996-97) Reader can still find the ramains of this Stupa on site. Various Buddhist Artifacts have been discovered here. Local villager still worship remant Bricks of this Stupa. | |||||||||||||
| 300-350 | The Kuninda kingdom disappeared around the 3rd century. | |||||||||||||
| 350-400 | Great Buddhist Philospher ,Asanga Born in Peshawar. | |||||||||||||
| 400-450 | ||||||||||||||
| 450-500 | -Huna king Tormana Occupied the Kashmir. | Kangra came under the sovereignty of Kashmir (470 AD.) During this period word Thakura was first time introduced in Sanskrit .They wew neither Kushan nor Huna( See-Inner asia and India through Ages). However many schoolar linked them with Yuezhi from which Kushan Originated. Originally they came from Tarim Basin of China i.e Takalaman Desert. In hills also local Khaas Tribe must have adopted this title from outside or new comers. | ||||||||||||
| 500-550 | -Mihirakula the Huns king strt regining western part of India (502 and 530 CE.)-he adopted the anti buddhist attitude. His capital was Sialkot. -Alchons are said to have altered the hierarchy of ruling families and the Indian caste system. For example, the Hunas are often said to have become the precursors of the Rajputs.Most of today Rajput are descentant of Huns. ( See - Abraham Eraly (2011). The First Spring: The Golden Age of India. New Delhi: Penguin Books India. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-670-08478-4.) - During the Hun rule Shaivism start Growing and Buddhism start declining. | -Kashmir came under the rule of Mihirkula. Mirhirkula also caused destruction of Buddhist heritage in Beas and Ravi Valley.( By O.C Handa) Gonanda Dynasty est.(They were shakas/Huna). - Meghavarman est Godadla dynasty he was follwer of Buddhism. -Sri Pravarasena (reigned c. 530-590 CE), He was also decendant of Hun, was follower of Shiva. Perhapes he invaded the chamba and kangra. | -Maru was Suryavanshi , belonging to Kusa the son of Rama. Original home was Ayodhya. - His son Meru founded the Bharmur. - Many Huns descendant start settling in hills. Infact the word Chauhan is derived from Chao + Huns. Similarly Tomar, Parmar etc surname signified Huns past.( see-INNER ASIA AND INDIA THROUGH THE AGES byNirmal C. Sinha , https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dOlErBhusEdXMo6YyNtQeG2xQSk4ocTB/view?usp=sharing) | - During this period probabaly Mihirkula also destroy the Buddhist heritage in Beas and Ravi Valley. A monestry on the site of Pathiyar inscritption was probably destryed during his tenure.( See- https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Buddhist_Art_Antiquities_of_Himachal_Pra/6Cqgb9pL3L4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&printsec=frontcover ) During this period Trigarta again was invaded by Kashmiri King Sri Pravarsena. | ||||||||||
| 550-600 | Ranaditya regin around 6 th centuary as per rajatrangini( OC Handa) | In Varahamihir's Brihatsamhita kullu is mentioned as Malechhas. Many Puranic text also metnioned the " ULOOK" an unknown country often confusesed wtih Kullu.Brihand was king of ULOOK. | ||||||||||||
| 600-650 | During the time of Xuanzang, Tukhāra was divided into 27 administrative units, each having its separate chieftain | -Yudhishthira was the last great Huna ruler of gondala dyasty(670 AD) Karkota Dynatsy -Durlabhavardhana | Aditya Varman(620)- first to assume Varman titles. During his time raja of kullu left no legitimate son and he put Ganesh Pal new king of kullu. | Hieusn Tsiang visited the Trigart 635 AD. But he never visited the Kangra Proper, which suggest that Kangra was not very popular and capital was still in Jalandhar. | Popular Nirmand Copper Plate- 630 AD belongs to this period, it mentioned the four sen kings, Varun Sen, Sanjay sen, Ravi Sen and Samuder Sen. Last one was the donor of Copper Plates. -In 634 Hiuen Tsang Visited the Kullu, at this time king of Kullu was Sansar Pal, he was 24th king. Hieun Tsang obsereved that People of Kullu suffered from Goiter and Tumours. Hieun Tsang talk about Stup in middle of Kullu valley as per O C Handa this stupa was in Kalath where avloketshawar in form of Kapil Muni is still worshipped. | Sen Rulers of spiti rule Between 6th and 7th Centuary. | ||||||||
| 650-700 | -Durlabhaka. -Candrapida,In 713, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang received an embassy from Candrapida requesting aid against Arab invasions.These diplomatic exchanges led to the formation of an imperial alliance between the Tangs and Karakotas; in 722, after the Tangs emerged victorious against Tibet, the Chinese court credits Kashmir for having provided ample food to their troops stationed in Gilgit.His assassination is blamed upon Tarapida, who recruited a Brahmin. | Diwarka Varman(660)- his name is mentioned at Chattrari Inscription Meru Varman(680)- -Ashadha of gun was his feudatory. -He fought a 12 year war with Dateshwar pal of kullu. Manimahesh, Lakshana devi, ganesha and Narsingha temple were built by him. -Gugga was his craftsman. | Collapse of Buddhism in Himlayan began. Shaivism began to rise. Huns invasion changed the religious landscape of India. | Dateshwar Pal of Kullu (700 AD) killed by Meru varman. His Son Amar pal was also killed. And Second son fled to Bushar. -Kadambaree a Nobel composed by Banbhat wrote Kullu was subjugated by Canrapida and his successor Tarapeed(695-699), although Kadambaree is a fictional work , however this is important reference in Kullu history. | ||||||||||
| 700-750 | Buddhism Entered in himachal. | |||||||||||||
| 750-800 | Guru Padamsabh Born. | Lalitapida-Lalitaditya-Large scale Brahmin immigriation of Kashmir begins during the Lalitaditya. -Kuvalayapida,Son of Lalitaditya and his first queen Kamaladevi, his short reign of one year and half a month was marked by a succession struggle between him and his half-brother. -Vajraditya,Son of Lalitaditya and his second queen Chakramardika, his reign saw a successful raid by the Governor of Sindh and introduction of slave trade. Kalhana notes his seven year of rule to be cruel. -Jayapida,Brahmin immigrants from Indus and Dravida regions were settled in Kashmir, he was cursed to death by a Brahmin. -Lalitapida,Kalhana condemns Lalitapida as a recklessly extravagant ruler, whose court was infested with courtesans/concubines and jesters, and provided no patronage to learning. Additional Note:- On a reading of Kuttanimata, the society seems to be unequal and dominated by merchant communities. Materialism was in vogue among the elites, and prostitution received state patronage. Sati as well as Devadasi system were prevalent. The dynasty (at least, the earlier rulers) had sought to restore Hinduism after a lengthy span of Buddhist influence in the valley; however a syncretic environment flourished. Buddhism weakened and Brahminin start to develop. Note:- During the 7th And 8th Centuary agriculture improved in Kahsmir.(History of Early Indian ;Thapar) | Ajiya Varman(760)- Gaddi came to Himachal and settled at Bharmour. | Massror rock cut temple built. | Bir Sen(765) | Jareshwar Pal(800). Freed kullu from chamba, during the reign of Laxmi Varman. Narad Pal- Kullu fought a 12 years war with Chmaba. Bhup Pal-was contemporary of bir sen.Bir sen made his prisoner. | Kali devi fair begin( 800-900) in Tiun Pargana Fatehpur, Bilaspur. | |||||||
| 800-850 | Ranahastin or Ratnahastin (also transliterated as Ratnabastin and Rahnahastin) (Sanskrit: रत्नहस्तिन् and रणहस्तिन्) was one of the titles of Pratihara emperor Vatsaraja along with Maharajadhiraja, and Parmeshwara.[1][2] According to The Gwalior Prashasti Inscription of his descendant Mihira Bhoja, the title Ranahastin is found on several coins of Vatsaraja after he conquered Kanauj from Bhandi Clan Bhandi was also the clan of the maternal family of King Harsha Vardhana of Kanauj and Vatsaraja reduced Indrayudha of Kanauj to the status of feudatory after his conquest of Kanuaj and beginning of Tripartite struggle.[citation needed] | Utpala Dynasty Founded in kashmir. | Laxmi Varman(800 AD)-epidemic broke out in state. Tibetean(Kira) attacked chamba . Kullu with the help of Bushar got independence from Chamba. -Jareshwar pal was king of kullu at this time. Mushan Varman(820)- born at Garoha on the way to kangra. He was brought up by raja of suket later he married to daughter to suket. | As in chamba Baijnath area was also attacke dby Kira for some time hence baijnath got new name Kiragram. | Bkkiram Sen- tribikram Sen was his regent. Who fought battle with bikram sen with help of hast pal of kullu | Hat pal-he and tibikaram sen was killed by Bikkaram sen with help of keonthal. Surat Pal-he liberated kullu fromn Laxman Sen | ||||||||
| 850-900 | Avantivarman of Kashmir, the first and greatest ruler of the dynasty, ascended to the throne in about 855/856 AD, and went on to rule for 27 years until 883.[18] Rajatarangini records no military activity during his reign and frontier territories remained outside Kashmir sovereignt. Forced labor were systematically legitimized in Kashmir for the first time and not rendering such services was made into an offense.[18][24] New revenue offices were created and an elaborate taxation scheme was devised, which led to the employment of numerous Kayasthas in royal service.[18] Kalhana blames these lowly Kayasthas for driving honest villagers to poverty and destroying all repute of Samkaravarman.[18] Scholarship struggled to flourish and court-poets lived a pitiful existence, without pay.[18] Famines and other calamities became commonplace.[1 | -In the 9th century A.D. Raja Shankar Varma, who ruled over Kashmir from 883 to 903, held dominion over King Prithi Chander of Trigarth. (Distt Census Handbook Punjab,1961-Page 15) -Turk were Planning to Invade Punjab by defeating Hindu Sahi Dynasty. At this Time both Chamaba and Kangra sent Troop to Afganistan to help Hindu Sahi. | Laxman Sen- Kullu got Independence because laxman was minor. | . | Bir Chand(900)- founder. Also built Nanina devi temple.-belong to chnadel rajput of Bundelkhand. | |||||||||
| 900-950 | Sahila Varman(920)- he was most important king of chamaba. he fought 12 years was with Kullu. Transfer capital from Brahmpura to chamba. It was Probably last conflict between Chamba and Kullu. Sahil Varman also annexed the Whole area south of Dhauladhar,omce again invaded the Kullu. He perhaps along with Trigart sent army to Support Hindu Sahi king of Kabul. 84 yogi headed by Charpanth visited Chamba. His queen Naina devi sacrificed herself for water at Sarhota stream. He built the temple of Laxmi narayan and kameshwar temple. -Chakli was coin to chamba. -5 chakli=1 Ana. Yugankar Varman(940) his wife tribhuvankaran built the Narsingha temple and Ishwar raja temple. | Kahal Chand- founded the Kot Kahlur fort. Ajit Chand- founded the Nalagarh Dynasty. | ||||||||||||
| 950-1000 | Vidhyalaya Varman(960)- during his reign a stone inscription was erected by a Rana at Basu. | Probably this time Treasure of Hindu Shahi Dynasty transfeered to Kangra Fort, that later became main source of Mohamamdan attraction. | Jhet pal (1000)- founded the state. | Sahu Sen(1000)-his brother Bahu Sen retired to Mangalore then in kullu. | ||||||||||
| 1000- 1050 | Lohara Dynasty Founded in Kashmir. 1028 AD Ananata succeeded the Thron. | Salvahan Varman(1040)- in 11th Century Chamba was invaded by Ananta deva of Kashmir. Two inscription of this time found in chuurah indicated that Norther part of Chamab i.e Churrah valley was under the dominion of Basholi. | Around 1030-40 Ananata Deva married to Princess of Kangra. Jagdish Chand. – Ghajni Attacked in 1009. But With tomar raja of delhi kangra freed it from invader on 1043 AD. Disintegration of Trigart/Jalandhar Begin. | Ratan Sen (1020)- Bilas Sen- poisoned by people. And Samundar Sen became king But his rani was pregnant. Later this infant become king | ||||||||||
| 1050- 1100 | 1063 AD Kalsa became the king. | Soma Varman (1060)- during his time Ananta was king of Kashmir.Chamba was occupied by Kashmir. kira attack onn chammba. Asata Varman(1080) -Last copper plate of chamba mentioning the deed. | (1051-1052)-Kangra again captured by Hashting the governor of Punjab. (1060)- Kangra Again become free from invaders. | Sewant Sen(1120)- was son of Bilas Sen. Founded village Rani Ka kot. | ||||||||||
| 1100- 1150 | Kalhan Written the Rajatrangini | Jasata Varman(1105)- he helped the Bhikschachara in war against Sussala and gave him asylum. -Lohtikri inscription is of his reign. Udhaya Varman(1120)- Devalekha and Taralekh the princess of chamba married to Sussala , a Lohara king. Chamba married Sussala. And Chamba got freedom from Kashmir. Lalita Varman(1143) Debri kothi and Salhi slab inscription belong to him reign. | Uchit Pal- invaded Tibet. But Lhachen Utapala captures him.Lhachen Gyalpo (Lha-chen-rgyal-po) (c. 1050-1080 CE)[1] was the fifth king of Ladakh. He is mentioned in the Ladakhi Chronicles. During his reign, important buildings like the Likir Monastery were built.[2] He had a "brotherhood" of monks to settle there.[3] He belongs to Nyima-Gon dynasty. | |||||||||||
| 1150- 1200 | Viajya Varman(1176)- invaded the Kashmir and ladhakh unsuccessfully. | Sikander Pal- took help from Delhi. | Sangar chand(1197)- | |||||||||||
| 1200- 1250 | Vairasi Varman(1330) | -Baijnath Temple Built(1204). Baijnath Eulogy inscribed this time.Jaya Chand – only reference to his found in Slab of Shiv temple Bhiajnath. | Madan Sen(1240)-he built fort at Pangna and called madankot.. he captured salt mine of Darang. A Rana named Mangal made Alliance with Kahlur and defeat the Madan Sen. Madan built the Asthambnath. During his time state was at zenith. | Hast Pal II- kullu became tributaory of Bushar. Ghambir chand freed kullu from Bushar. Nand Pal- kullu become tributary of kangra. -Inder pal Freed kullu from kangra. | Megh Chand- people droved him to kullu, because he was very cruel. But with help of ALtumish he regained his kingdom. | |||||||||
| 1250- 1300 | ||||||||||||||
| 1300- 1350 | Prithvai Chand- Muhamad Tughalaq attacked kangra in (1043) Parab Chand(1345) | Keral pal-suket again invades the kullu. | Abhisand Chand- was contemporary was Sikandhar Lodhi. And fought battle against Tatar Khan, and won it, | |||||||||||
| 1350- 1400 | Manikya Varman(1397) Bhot Varman(1397) | Rup Chand(1360)- went on expedition to delhi. Had skirmish with Shahab-ud-din for looted material, when he was returning from Delhi. Sangara Chand(1375)- Megh Chand(1390) | Kailash Pal(1353)- defeated the Tatr khan the governor of Khorasan. Also constructed irrigation channel from ravi to pathankot. Nag Pal(1307)- a Nag was born with him. | Sampuran Chand(1380)- killed by his brother Ratan chand. | ||||||||||
| 1400- 1450 | Sangram varman(1442) | Hari Chand(1405) | Prithi Pal(1438)- | -Hari Chand(1405) founder. | Urdan Pal- built the Temple of Sandhya Devi at Jagagat such. -Kailash pal(1428)- last raj a of kullu bearing surname pal. | |||||||||
| 1450- 1500 | Anand Varmand(1475)- his mother Sampurana devi had power of miracles. -married to daughter of kangra. | Suvira Chand(1480) | Bhil pal(1473) | Mahan Sen(1480) | Sidh Singh- frist to assume ,Singh title. Muchinai was famous rana of his reign living in Jagat such. | |||||||||
| 1500- 1550 | Gannesh Varman(1512)- mughal started their influence in Chamba. -built ganesh garh fort at Mothila. - wife name was Sahib Devi. | Dharam Chand(1528) | Bhakat mal(1513)- he is mentioned in Akabar Nama. He was allay of Lodhi dynasty. Maukot fort was contructed by Salim Shah Sur in his reign. He was killed in prison in Lahore by Bairam Khan. | Ram Chand(1540) -guler state mentioned in Tarikh i Daudil, Islam Shah, subjugated it. | Parbat Sen(1500)- he was cursed by a Brahmin for intimacy with slave girl. Kartar Sen(1520)- Capital Shifted from lohara to Kartarpur. He married to queen of Jaswan. Arjun Sen(1540)- wass very weak ruler. Many rana revolted against him. | Ajbar Sen(1527)-founded mandi town. | Bahadur Singh(1532)- was contemporary of Arjun Sen of suket. He married his daughterto son of Ganesh varman of chamba. | |||||||
| 1550- 1600 | Pratap Singh Varman(1559)-had batlle with kangra and defeated chander pal. And Jit Chand brother of chander pal died. -during this was guler also came under Chamba. -Chari and Garoh also came under Chamba. -Pratap was contemporary of Akbar. Todar mal compel him to surrender rihlu. -Suffix singh become common Balbhadraa(1589)- gifted land to laxmi narayan temple. Later he forced to retired to Barai. | Manikya Chand(1563) Jai Chand(1570) | Takhat Mal(1558)- built the Shahpur fort. Pahari Mal(1558)- thought about changing capital to Nurpur. Bas Dev(1580)- change the capital to Nurpor. - He revolted many time against mughal by instigation of Salim. On one of such revolt Hassan khan beg came to teach him lesson. -on Second occasion Mirza Rustom and Asif Shekh refused to capture him because of their friendship. -finally Jagat Singh came to captured him. | Jagdish Chand(1570) -his territory was restored by Akbar. Earlier it was seized by Dharam Chand and Jai chand. He was contemporay of Bidhi Chand the son of jai chand of kangra - | Udai Sen(1560)- built fort Udaipur. Dip Sen(1590) | Sahib Sen- formed alliance with Jagat Singh of Kullu to defeat Jai Chand of Wazir Lakshari. | Gyan Chand(1570)- was contemporary of Akbar. Gyan chand converted to islam along with his two sons rama and bhima. | |||||||
| 1600- 1650 | Janardhan-had war with Suraj mal of nurpor for 12 years, with no result. Later suraj mal died and his brother again fought war with chamba at Dhalog around at 1623. In which janardhan and his brother bishamber were killied. -Janardhandd died without heir but one rani was pregnant.Batlu sent rani to mandi. -Janardhan and his brother Bishmber also visited to Jahngir during his visit to Nurpor. Prithvi Singh(1641)- when Jagat singh was revolted againt mughal he recovered chamba with help of mandi. -he Went delhi 9 time. And was contemporary of Shahjahan, from shahjahn he brought idol of Raghubir. -he was first to built state office at kothis in Churah. -He surrender bhalai to Sangram pal -Built Khajinag, hidimba and sita ram temple. | Thomas Coryat Visited the Hill. (1615) Triloka Chand(1605) Hari Chand II (1612) Chandar Bhan Chand(1627) | Suraj Mal(1613)- -during his time seize of kangra was continue. And he joined the expedition, headed by Murtaza khan and Shaikh Farid. But Suraj created some problem in camp. Mean while murtaza khan died and plan to seize kangra abandoned. Again Suraj Mal joined Shah Quli Khan and Mohmmad taqi to seize kangra, but this time again he created some problems. -soon Jahangir sent sunader dass rai Raiyan to suppress the revolt. -In chamba he was killed by janardhan . Jagat Singh(1619)- fought war with chamba at dhalog in 1623. Janardhan and his brother killed. He ruled chamba for 12years. -in 1622 Jhangir visited the Nurpor. -first time Basholi came under nurpor. -Jagat Singh and his son Rajrup also revolted against Jhangir.and murad bakhash came to suppress the revolt. -Darashikhon also visited. -Taragarh fort was also constructed by him. Rajrup Singh(1646)- pratap singh , krpal deo,dhiraj pal and he formed alliance against mirza beg. Bahu Singh- he was son of jagat singh,embracd the Islam. And become Murid khan. -erected the Nurpor fort. | Vijay Chand(1605) Rup Chand(1610) -took part in final seize of kangra. Kangra was conquered on 16 non 1620. -During his time Rup chand of nurpor revolted against mughal -Got title of Bhadhaur. - he was killed in Srinagar, uttrahkhand. Man Chand Singh(1635)- called as Sher Afgan. He took part in many expedition of Aurangzeb -Retired to banaras. | Shayam Sen(1620)- Had two rani , bushari and Guler. Bushar rani along with Mian Jughanun executed. Shyam Sen and his brother Naurang helped Aurangzeb. -his daughter married to raja of kalian chand of kahlur. Later both shyam sen and kalian chand fought battle in which kalian chand died. Mandi helped the kalian chand. -Jagat singh of kullu imprisoned hil and man singh of guler and Delhi. -he have jagir of 400/ to mahunag for early release. Ram Sen (1650) | Suraj Sen- built Kamlagarh fort and Damada palace. He assigned his kingdom to Madhu rai, because his all sones died. | Jagat Singh(1637) most powerful kullu king. Installed the idol of Raghunath, brught by Damodar Dass. He transferred capital form nagar to sultan pur. Aurngzeb also recognised his and gave title of Zamindar of kullu. | Bik Chand(1600)- had two rani one from kangra and other from bhagal. -he abdicated thorne to sultan chand Kalian chand(1630)- was contemporary of Shyam sen and married his daughter. Built fort at Hindur border and killed raja of hindur -later he was killed at kalian chand di dwari. | ||||||
| 1650- 1700 | Formation of Khalsa. | Sikh Empire start to emerge. Raja kirpal pal - basholi school of Painting start evolving. | Chatar Singh (1664)- sent his brother jai singh to Snagram pal to demand bhalai ilaqa. He also invaded Bhalai. Later Chamba and kullu invaded the lahul and divided it. -Aurangzed ordered to destroy all hindu temples. He sent his brother Shokat singh to Aurangzeb. - he, Raj singh of Guler, dhiraj pal and kirpal of jammu formed alliance against Mirza Rezia Beg.Udai Singh(1690)- fell in love with barbour’s girl. He and his brother lakshman singh were killed by official. | Vijai Ram Chand(1600) Bhim Chand(1690) Alam Chand(1697) | Manddhata(1 661) -raphodies was written by him. -last pathania to hold office under mughal. Dhyadhata(17 00)- | Bikaram Singh(1661)- was very powerful, and can broke coconut with fingers. Raj singh(1675)- he defeated the Mughal forces under Hussain khan and Alaf khan. And save mandi and kehlur. Dalip Singh(1695)-Raja Udai Singh of chamba was his gurdain. | Ram sen(1650)- committed sucide, on wrong suspicion of his sister for her chasity. Jit Sen(1663)- used to worship dead sprit of princess. Fought abattle with shyam sen of mandi on balh plain. | Shyam Sen(1658)- was great traveller. Visited Nepal, banaras and jagnath. Bulit shama Kali temple. Gur Sen- made alliance with kahlut against kangra and fought battle at Hatoli. Sidh Sen(1678)- Jippu was his minister. Imprisoned the Guru Gobind Singh.. Built temple of sidh ganesh and Triloknath. Lived for 100 years. | Bidhi Singh(1672)- capture lahaul fro m ladhakh. Man Singh(1688)- captured darang salt mine of kullu. Fixed boundary with ladhkah at lingti and force spiti to pay tribute. He was killed by rana of kumharsain. | Dip Chand(1650)- transfer capital to Vayasgufa. And erected Dholra,a new place. Founded Bilaspur. Fixed three salute Jai Deva to Raja Jai to Mian Ram ram to rana. -he was poisoned by Chander bhan chand of kangra at nadaun. Bhim Chand(1667)- Manak Chand his uncle was his wazir. Manak chand dismissed by Jala devi the Queen. Later Manka chand with help of kangra fought a war agaist bhim chand at Jaboth near Bhambala. Bhim chand assisted by Mandi. -1682 fought war against guru gobind singh. -he , raja of kangra and guler fought was against sikh. -in the end hebecome faquir. | ||||
| 1700- 1750 | Dogra Dynasty founded in Jammu 1703. - Princess of Bhaderwah married to raja of Trigart | Ugar Singh(1720)- took asylum in raja of Jammu during time of dhruv. Later become king with jammu’s help. He also broke down the bridge over Ravi against a conspiracy. -imposed Tuseara udai singhania auterinia tax. Dalel Singh(1735)- he imprisoned the Umed Singh and Sher Singh , the sons of Ugar Singh. He became sadhu when Umed singh started revolted against him. Umed Singh(1748)- rang mahal of Chmaba. Fort of pathiyar near palampur was under his control. He prohitbite Sati. | Hamir Chand(1700) | Prithivi Singh(1735)- Was contemporary of Ahmad Shah Durani. -Annexed the Lakhinpur. | Goovardhan Singh(1730)- fought war for horse with Adina beg and won it. During his time Guler Painiting Began to evolve. | Garur Sen(1721)- was grandson of Bushahri Rani. He founded the baned (sundernagar). his rani constructed suraj kund temple. Bhikam Sen(1748)- Ahmad shah durani attacked India. | Raj Singh(1719)- guru gobind visited the kullu. Jai Singh(1731)- kalu of diyar was his wazir. And was expelled by jai singh, later he took help of Mughal to defeat kullu. | |||||||
| -1750- 1800 | Battle of Panipat | Sikh Invasion of Jammu 1787 and became tributroy of Sikh empire. | Raj Singh(1764)- -Ghamand chand of kangra attacked and annexed rihlu but raja took help of Ranjit Deo. Aklu was his wazir and was appointed by Ranjit Deo -when he expelled Aklu, ranjit Deo of jammu sent Amrit pal to invade chamba. -Later Sansar chand demanded rihlu area but he declined. A war took place in Shahpur and raj singh killed by Jit singh Purbea. When he was fighting with kangra ,basholi made final attempt to recover his terrority. -1783 Bhaderwah and Kishtwar(1785) became tributory of Chamba. Jit Singh(1794)- also face a small war with raja of Basholi Bijai Pal for Churah. During Gorkha war He sent troop against Sansar chand under Nathu Wazir. | -Abhiya Chand(1747) -Ghamand Chand(1751)- seized pathiyar from chamaba. -Around 1783 Foster Passed through the Kangra. In same year Kangra fort came under Sikh rule. Sansar ChandII(1775)- he killed Raj Singh of chamaba at batlle of Shahpur in 1794. -Sansar Chand Married todaughte of kishan singh of Suket. Singh also helped him to attack mandi, in which Ishwari Sen was made prisoner. | Bir Singh(1789)- Was last ruler of Nurpur. -he failed to attend a meeting organised by ranjit singh. -he forced to leave to Arki. After 10 years he came back and revolted but he failed and fled to chamba where he kept in confinement of govindgarh fort. Later chamba kid freed him on paying 85000/- because he had sister of Charhahat Singh of Chamba. | Prakah Singh(1760)- -in 1758 it comes under the control of Ghamand chand. Bhup Singh(1790)- joined the gorkha. Guler was first to annexed by ranjit singh. Shamsher Singh- | Ranjit Sen(1762)- sent his younger brother kishan singh to recover Nachhan. But soon he developed suspicion against his own brother. Later Kishan Singhwith help of Sansar Chand attacked the Suket. -Narpat was minister of Ranjit sen, he was very faithful. | Ishwari Sen- he was minor and made prisoner by Sansar chand. Later released on 1806. -Zalim sen went to lahaor to get help agaist his bother Ishwari Sen. | Tedhi Singh(1742)- Mohmmaden invasion took place. Pritam Singh(1767)- he was illegimate son of tedhi singh.Sansar Chand, Raj Singh of chamba and, shamser of mandi attacked the kullu. | Mahan Chand(1778)- Ramu was his wazir. Lalter Bhairgi ram of mandi become his wazir. Again Zorawar chand his uncle become wazir. -1795 Sansar Chand invaded the bilaspur and occupied the Chaukki hatwar. And sansar chand built fort at chhatipur. -mahan chand asked the Grudit singh and Desa Singh for help but both got defeated. -later he invited Amar Singh thapa, they fought a war in 1805. - Gorkha continue to leave at bilaspur till 1814. -he got sanad from british. | ||||
| 1800- 1850 | Sikh Empire Formed. | Jammu become part of sikh empire. | From 1800-onward chmaba become tributary of Lahor. Charhat Singh(1808)- nathu was his wazir. He attacked Pahar Chand the king of Bhadrwah for non payment of tribute. I war Ranjit singh helped Chamba. - Desa Singh Majhitha in 1821 claimed the Rihlu. -Ratnu the official also annexed the Zaskar(1820-25). ratnu also fought was against Zorawar and destroyed the bridge of Chandra bhaga. But Jammu forces enter from Chatargarh and chamba annexed to jammu. ratnu was succeded by Wazir Bhaga. -Vigne arrived chamba in 1839 Charhat singh died in 1844 and his all rani become sati , this was last such incident. Sri Sigh(1844)- Bhadrwah again annexed by Jammu. Lakar Shah brahmin was his Wazir. -Chamba Got Sanad on 6 april 1846. -helped british during first war of independence under Mian Autor Singh. his daughter married to raja of jaamu he lease out forest for 99 years. -Chamba came under british control and attached to Jalandhar. | Anirudh Chand(1823) | -Cunnigham visited the Nurpur around 1846. - | Bikram Sen (1791)- imprisoned the Narpat Wazir in fort of Batwara, where he was executed. -Sansar Chadn invaded mandi and made Ishwari Sen prisoner. -Moorcraft visited in 1820. 1st European. Ugar Sen(1838)- during his time a revolt tool place in kahlur. Vigne visited 1839. -1840 Nua Nihal Singh Attacked Mandi, Suket and Kullu. Sand was granted to Suket on Oct 1846. | Zalim Sen(1826)- Balbir Sen- (1839)- | Bikram Sen(1806)- Ranjit singh forced him to pay tribute. Mokham chand came to teach him lesson. Ajit Singh(1816)- was son of concubine. He was defeated byhis uncle Krishan Singh. Later he recovered his kingdom with help of mandi. He gave asylum to shashuja. On this ranjit singh imposed fine of 80000/- Later Sidhanwala captured kullu. | Kharak Chand(1824)- darkest phase of bilaspur history. Jaggat Chand(1839)- become king. But one of the rani of kharak singh came to bilaspur with is son and regained the bilaspur with help of Sirmour. But again jagat chand beomce king. | |||||
| 1850- 1900 | Gopal Singh(1870)- lord mayo visited in 13 nov 1871. -he raised the primary school of chamba to Middle. Sham Singh(1873)- Ravinder Nath Tagore Came Dhalousie in 1873. -Mian Autor singh was his wazir. -production of hope started in 1880. -1887 direct imperial postal system | Rudra Sen(1876)- Rudra Sen was oppressive ruler. Dhunahal Was his wazir. | Hira Chand(1857)- he helped british in 1857.his tenure wass golden age of bilaspur. He fixed taxation in kind which was equal to 1/3. -mian bhangi punia was his wazir. -a place named Bachhretu was restored to him. Amar Chand(1883)- revenue revolt started in state. He ordered to kept record in Hindi language. He opened many school and constructed the bridge over satluj. Bijai Chand(1872)- court fee and non judicial stamp was introduced by him. Built ranh mahal of bilaspur | |||||||||||
| 1900- 1905 | Bhuri Singh (1904) | |||||||||||||
| 1905- 1910 | Lakshman Sen- during his time Princes of Wales Orphan home were constructed. |
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